1,183 research outputs found
On Essential Incompleteness of Hertz's Experiments on Propagation of Electromagnetic Interactions
The historical background of the 19th century electromagnetic theory is
revisited from the standpoint of the opposition between alternative approaches
in respect to the problem of interactions. The 19th century electrodynamics
became the battle-field of a paramount importance to test existing conceptions
of interactions. Hertz's experiments were designed to bring a solid
experimental evidence in favor of one of them. The modern scientific method
applied to analyze Hertz's experimental approach as well as the analysis of his
laboratory notes, dairy and private letters show that Hertz's
"\textit{crucial}" experiments cannot be considered as conclusive at many
points as it is generally implied. We found that alternative Helmholtz's
electrodynamics did not contradict any of Hertz's experimental observations of
transverse components as Maxwell's theory predicted. Moreover, as we now know
from recently published Hertz's dairy and private notes, his first experimental
results indicated clearly on infinite rate of propagation. Nevertheless,
Hertz's experiments provided no further explicit information on non-local
longitudinal components which were such an essential feature of Helmholtz's
theory. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a decisive choice on the
adequate account of electromagnetic interactions are discussed from the
position of modern scientific method
On Two Complementary Types of Total Time Derivative in Classical Field Theories and Maxwell's Equations
Close insight into mathematical and conceptual structure of classical field
theories shows serious inconsistencies in their common basis. In other words,
we claim in this work to have come across two severe mathematical blunders in
the very foundations of theoretical hydrodynamics. One of the defects concerns
the traditional treatment of time derivatives in Eulerian hydrodynamic
description. The other one resides in the conventional demonstration of the
so-called Convection Theorem. Both approaches are thought to be necessary for
cross-verification of the standard differential form of continuity equation.
Any revision of these fundamental results might have important implications for
all classical field theories. Rigorous reconsideration of time derivatives in
Eulerian description shows that it evokes Minkowski metric for any flow field
domain without any previous postulation. Mathematical approach is developed
within the framework of congruences for general 4-dimensional differentiable
manifold and the final result is formulated in form of a theorem. A modified
version of the Convection Theorem provides a necessary cross-verification for a
reconsidered differential form of continuity equation. Although the approach is
developed for one-component (scalar) flow field, it can be easily generalized
to any tensor field. Some possible implications for classical electrodynamics
are also explored.Comment: no figure
The phase free, longitudinal, magnetic component of vacuum electromagnetism
A charge moving in a reference laboratory system with constant velocity
{\bf V} in the -axis produces in the -axis a longitudinal, phase free,
vacuum magnetic field which is identified as the radiated field
of Evans, Vigier and others.Comment: ReVTeX file, 7pp., no figure
Brownian dynamics approach to interacting magnetic moments
The question how to introduce thermal fluctuations in the equation of motion
of a magnetic system is addressed. Using the approach of the
fluctuation-dissipation theorem we calculate the properties of the noise for
both, the fluctuating field and fluctuating torque (force) representation. In
contrast to earlier calculations we consider the general case of a system of
interacting magnetic moments without the assumption of axial symmetry. We show
that the interactions do not result in any correlations of thermal fluctuations
in the field representation and that the same widely used formula can be used
in the most general case. We further prove that close to the equilibrium where
the fluctuation-dissipation theorem is valid, both, field and torque (force)
representations coincide, being different far away from it
Helmholtz theorem and the v-gauge in the problem of superluminal and instantaneous signals in classical electrodynamics
In this work we substantiate the applying of the Helmholtz vector
decomposition theorem (H-theorem) to vector fields in classical
electrodynamics. Using the H-theorem, within the framework of the two-parameter
Lorentz-like gauge (so called v-gauge), we show that two kinds of magnetic
vector potentials exist: one of them (solenoidal) can act exclusively with the
velocity of light c and the other one (irrotational) with an arbitrary finite
velocity (including a velocity more than c . We show also that the
irrotational component of the electric field has a physical meaning and can
propagate exclusively instantaneously.Comment: This variant has been accepted for publication in Found. Phys.
Letter
Elucidating the molecular physiology of lantibiotic NAI-107 production in Microbispora ATCC-PTA-5024
Search for a common baryon source in high-multiplicity pp collisions at the LHC
We report on the measurement of the size of the particle-emitting source from two-baryon correlations with ALICE in high-multiplicity pp collisions at s=13 TeV. The source radius is studied with low relative momentum p–p, p‾–p‾, p–Λ, and p‾–Λ‾ pairs as a function of the pair transverse mass mT considering for the first time in a quantitative way the effect of strong resonance decays. After correcting for this effect, the radii extracted for pairs of different particle species agree. This indicates that protons, antiprotons, Λ s, and Λ‾ s originate from the same source. Within the measured mT range (1.1–2.2) GeV/c2the invariant radius of this common source varies between 1.3 and 0.85 fm. These results provide a precise reference for studies of the strong hadron–hadron interactions and for the investigation of collective properties in small colliding systems. © 2020 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE CollaborationPeer reviewe
Long- and short-range correlations and their event-scale dependence in high-multiplicity pp collisions at 1as = 13 TeV
Two-particle angular correlations are measured in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV by the ALICE Collaboration. The yields of particle pairs at short-( 06\u3b7 3c 0) and long-range (1.6 < | 06\u3b7| < 1.8) in pseudorapidity are extracted on the near-side ( 06\u3c6 3c 0). They are reported as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in the range 1 < pT< 4 GeV/c. Furthermore, the event-scale dependence is studied for the first time by requiring the presence of high-pT leading particles or jets for varying pT thresholds. The results demonstrate that the long-range \u201cridge\u201d yield, possibly related to the collective behavior of the system, is present in events with high-pT processes as well. The magnitudes of the short- and long-range yields are found to grow with the event scale. The results are compared to EPOS LHC and PYTHIA 8 calculations, with and without string-shoving interactions. It is found that while both models describe the qualitative trends in the data, calculations from EPOS LHC show a better quantitative agreement for the pT dependency, while overestimating the event-scale dependency. [Figure not available: see fulltext.
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